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Gas Patio Heater Regulator If you're planning to warm up in the cold outdoors with a propane patio heater, it's important to know how to properly use this appliance. Matthew Griffith, prevention section chief of Montreal's fire department, said that consumers should choose products that have safety certifications. The patio heater should be properly connected and there shouldn't be any materials that could ignite nearby. Pressure Regulator Gas regulators are mechanical devices that we drive through every day in our cars and at home without giving them a second thought. Their invention, made 135 years ago, revolutionized the way propane and natural gas are used for heating, cooking, and welding with oxy-fuel. There are a number of variations in the design of regulators however their primary function is the identical. The regulator is based on an element that senses pressure, typically a dialythm made of fabric, to control a valve plug's position and restrict the flow of gas. The diaphragm is linked to the stem of the valve using rods that run down through the set spring, through the diaphragm before entering the valve. This mechanism detects gas pressure inside the house or pipeline and adjusts the position of the valve plug to meet the demand. As the use of gas in the house decreases and the pressure between the regulator and the house also decreases as well. The diaphragm expands downwards and the valve plug is moved closer to the orifice in order to limit the flow. As the gas demand increases in the home the valve will open more, increasing the flow. The valve plug remains closed until the demand of the house decreases. The valve then opens to increase the flow. This process is referred to as size and is the primary function of the regulator. As the valve opens it creates pressure in the main chamber, which is connected to the outlet port of the hose by a venturi tube. This pressure is controlled by the adjustment of a handle or screw located on the outside of the regulator. When the screw is rotated counterclockwise, it raises the pressure. If it is turned clockwise, it decreases the pressure. When choosing click the next document for pressure be aware that the nominal maximum and minimum pressure is determined by commercial standards, not the pressure of the gas in the supply line. The regulator must be compatible with the hose you are using. Find a hose marked whistle-free. It will have alternating rings of different sizes. This will stop resonant noises from building across the length. Thermocouple Thermocouples are based on the principle that two dissimilar metals that are in contact at one end produce a voltage, even when they are at extremely different temperatures. They are used to determine the temperature difference between two points in a system and transform this information into an electrical signal that can then be read by a thermocouple meter or other instrument. Thermocouples are superior to other sensors, like thermostors. They can measure extremely high temperatures and operate in corrosive environments. The measuring (or hot) junction is created by connecting two metals with different properties at one end, and at the other, the reference (or cold) junction, is maintained at a constant temperature. Thermocouples are passive devices, meaning they don't require power to operate. The voltage produced is proportional to the difference in temperature between the measuring and reference junctions. Manufacturers of thermocouples and organizations that offer metrology standards, like NIST provide reference tables for the function E (T). displaystyle scriptstyle e(T) For each type of thermocouple. There are three kinds of thermocouple junctions: an exposed, grounded, and weld wire. The exposed type of junction protrudes from the protective sheath and has the fastest response. For measurements in corrosive conditions the thermocouple must be grounded. be used. A thermocouple that is welded is physically separated from the sheath with mgO powder to stop the penetration of gas or moisture which could cause mistakes. The thermocouple welded wire also has the added benefit of being more resistant to vibration. It is recommended to use in harsh environments, and with pressures of up to 3000 psi. A thermocouple that has been damaged is usually caused by the lack of polarity. If the sheath does not appear to be polarized, the two ends of the thermocouple will have unequal voltages at the junction of measurement, which can cause an inaccurate reading and possibly end up damaging the instrument. A sensor that's not properly calibrated or installed can also result in a malfunctioning thermocouple. Thermostat Gas patio heaters unlike electric heaters which are wired to the wall, are portable and run on natural gas or propane. Thermostats regulate the flow of energy into these cylinders in order to ensure that they do not overflow but still provide warmth when required. The thermostat senses the temperature of air passing over it. The thermostat also determines if the room has cooled down to a comfortable temperature, and turns off the heating. Digital thermostats are among the most commonly used. It utilizes a microcontroller in order to convert a changing electrical resistivity into the temperature measurement. It is able to accomplish this more accurately than older, mercury switch thermostats that utilized mercury coils that had three wires that would move depending on the temperature. This enabled the thermostat to tilt the mercury switch that was connected to an electrical circuit for the air conditioner or heater switching it off and on. Mechanical thermostats are another type. This has an cylinder of small size filled with wax which begins to melt at a temperature of maybe 180 degrees F (different thermostats are open at different temperatures). When the wax is hot, a rod attached to the thermostat opens the valve. As the room cools down the wax shrinks and the rod is pulled into the cylinder to close the valve. You can set thermostats to change the temperature at different times throughout the day. You can save energy by programming your heating system to switch off and on when you are working, or sleeping, instead of being on all the time. You can also set your thermostat to come on sooner so that you will arrive home to a comfortable temperature. Thermostats typically come with a feature known as a heat anticipator, which prevents the heating system from turning on too early. This is because some parts of the house reach the desired temperature prior to the thermostat is set. Pilot Light Although many modern heating and home systems have done away with pilot lights, older homes and furnaces still use them to light the gas in the chamber for burning. It's essential to know how to safely to relight the pilot light in case it ever goes out. A pilot light produces small flames that are heated by a thermocouple. The thermocouple generates electricity, and keeps the gas valve open. If the pilot flame goes out the thermocouple cools down and ceases to generate electricity, thereby closing the gas valve. Pilot lights are utilized in most natural and propane-fueled appliances, such as water heaters, fireplaces, furnaces, ranges, barbecues and hot tubs. Relighting a pilot light requires that you first shut off the gas valve in the appliance. Then, you must remove any doors or panels that could hinder accessing the pilot light. Locate the pilot light tube, and follow the instructions on the back of the appliance to open it. After you've re-lit your pilot light, turn the gas valve knob to the “on” position. Safety is the primary reason to keep the pilot light on. If you accidentally turn off the pilot light, gas constantly venting from the tube can build up in your home until a spark or static electricity sparks the gas, causing an explosive explosion. To prevent this, pilot tubes are equipped with an integrated cutoff valve. A constant burning pilot light is not just hazardous however, it also consumes energy. A pilot light can burn between $7 to $18 worth of gas each month, according to different studies. The wasted fuel creates a greater burden on the air conditioner during summer. Another issue with pilot lights is that it can attract spiders, who can spin webs that clog the pilot tubes. A flame that is constant can release small amounts of the compound Mercaptan which is responsible for the rotten-egg smell in natural gas. If you're ever concerned about these issues, consider purchasing a gas fire with a remote control or replacing an old fireplace with a more efficient and modern design.